Between May 9 and 15, Moscow’s military gained 257sq km of territory in the Kharkiv area and 21sq km in other areas, including the prized southern village of Robotyne which Ukraine had recaptured last year.

They represent Russia’s biggest gains since mid-December 2022 when it advanced in the Lugansk region after major setbacks around Kharkiv and in the south.

Since the start of 2024, Russian forces have taken around 800sq km of Ukrainian territory – more than the around 600sq km gained in all of 2023.

The changes to the frontline, which had barely budged in over a year, remain limited however, with Russia’s gains accounting for less than 1% of the Ukrainian territory under Moscow’s control.

But Russia’s new push on two fronts marks the biggest change to the frontline since mid-December 2022, when Russian forces advanced more than 350sq km in the Lugansk region after being routed from the southern city of Kherson and from the approaches to Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second-biggest city.

Since the start of the war on Feb 24, 2022, Russia has captured 65,336sq km of Ukrainian territory, representing nearly 12% of Ukraine’s surface area, excluding the Crimean peninsula which Moscow annexed in 2014.

AFP’s calculations are based on files published daily by the US-based ISW, which produces data based on information published by both parties to the war as well as on satellite images of Ukraine.