The Paris Olympics will be the 33rd summer edition since the first modern Games in Athens in 1896.
With the opening ceremony taking place on July 26, AFP looks back over the last 128 years to pick out some of the many Olympic legends.
Spyridon Louis: Greek marathon man
Spyridon Louis, a Greek shepherd who had served in the army, became a national icon when he won the marathon during the first modern Olympics, held in Athens in 1896.
Louis, who was just 24, completed the 40km race – today’s distance of 42.2km was not standardised until 1908 – in 2 hours, 58 mins and 50 seconds, despite stopping to down a glass of wine halfway through.
Wearing shoes given to him by residents of his village, he finished seven minutes ahead of the field. Greece’s Crown Prince Constantine and his brother Prince George joined Louis on his ecstatic final lap in the stadium.
Four decades later, Spyros was the flagbearer for the Greek delegation at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
Charlotte Cooper: deaf tennis champ
British tennis pioneer Charlotte Cooper made history when she became the first woman to win an Olympic event at the Paris Games in 1900.
With her attacking flair and deft touch at the net, Cooper, who took to the court in an ankle-length dress, beat home favourite Helene Prevost to win the singles title.
Her feat was all the more remarkable given she could not hear a racquet hitting a ball, having been diagnosed as deaf four years earlier.
She triumphed at Wimbledon, too, winning the singles title five times. With the last of those coming in 1908 when she was 37, Cooper remains the oldest women’s singles Wimbledon champion.
Paavo Nurmi: ‘the flying Finn’
For almost 60 years the Flying Finns were a force in middle-distance and long-distance running. The man who symbolised their determination and discipline was Paavo Nurmi, who collected nine golds and three silvers over the three Olympics in the 1920s.
Between 1921 and 1931, he set 20 individual world records at distances from 1500m to 20km.
Orphaned at 12, Nurmi discovered his love of running during military service. He’d run all his races at a strict pace, which he monitored with a stopwatch.
He made history at the sweltering 1924 Paris games, becoming the first (and only) track and field athlete to win five golds in one Olympics, including individual titles in the 1,500m and 5,000m within two hours of each other.
Johnny Weissmuller: from gold to silver screen
Johnny Weissmuller found fame at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics, dominating swimming to win five golds long before he swung on to the silver screen playing Tarzan.
The Hungarian-born son of German-speaking immigrants to the United States, Weissmuller won three of the men’s six golds at Paris in 1924 in the 100m and 400m freestyle and 4x200m freestyle relay, adding bronze in water polo.
Weissmuller, who revolutionised swimming with his head-turning breathing and flutter kick, successfully defended the 100m and relay titles four years later in Amsterdam.
He went on to make even more of a splash in Hollywood, and starred in a dozen Tarzan films.
Betty Robinson: back from the dead
The first woman to win the 100m race at the Olympics and still the youngest champion of the event, Robinson was 16 when she won gold in Amsterdam in 1928.
Her science teacher spotted Robinson’s talent watching her chase after a commuter train. Robinson turned up to the final with two left shoes, only getting hold of a right shoe with moments to spare.
In 1931, she was pronounced dead after being involved in a plane crash but was discovered to be alive when she reached the morgue.
The accident left her unable to fully bend her knee, but she made an extraordinary comeback at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, winning the 4x100m relay – the only race that did not require her to kneel at the start.